The early diagnosis of cancer saves lives. The following screenings help identify cancer in the early stages, especially when there are no symptoms, when treatment is the most effective.
COLORECTAL CANCER
Colon cancer is one of the most preventable types of cancer, but symptoms of colon cancer do not develop until late in the disease. Early screening can detect precancerous polyps ? abnormal growths that carry a risk of developing into cancer. Up to 90 percent of colorectal cancer can be avoided by removal of these polyps.?
Colon cancer screening is recommended for both men and women starting at age 50. Those with increased risk, such as a family history of cancer or polyps, should talk to their doctor about earlier screening.
A colonoscopy is recommended every 10 years. It is the preferred screening method because it allows the entire colon to be viewed and any polyps can be immediately removed for biopsy during the procedure.
PROSTATE CANCER
For years, the prostate specific antigen (PSA) blood test has been the accepted standard in cancer screening for prostate cancer. I, as well as most major U.S. medical organizations, continue to support annual PSA screenings. I have had many patients whose lives were saved by an early diagnosis using the PSA test. Since the early ?90s, there has been a 40 percent decline in the death rate from prostate cancer, which may be due to screening and improved treatment options.
Have a discussion with your physician about prostate cancer screening. I recommend annual PSA testing for all men, starting at age 50. African-Americans, and those with a family history of prostate cancer, should begin screening at age 45 and men considered to be at extremely high risk for prostate cancer should start annual screenings at age 40.
BREAST CANCER
There?s been a lot written about breast screenings and whether they save lives. Here?s the recommendations:
A clinical breast exam performed by a health professional should be part of a regular health exam, at least every three years, for women in their 20s and 30s and annually for women over 40. Also, women should do monthly breast self-examinations starting in their 20s. Visit www.cancer.org for instructions on how to examine your breasts and report any changes to your physician right away.
The American Cancer Society recommends yearly mammograms for women starting at age 40. Mammograms are an effective way to detect breast cancer before it?s big enough to feel. Be sure to discuss your family history with your physician, as genetics is an important factor in determining when and how you should be screened for breast cancer. A small number of women considered to be at higher risk require additional testing at an earlier age.
CERVICAL CANCER
A Pap test (Pap smear) is an in-office test that can identify abnormal changes such as cancer or precancerous cells that could lead to cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is highly curable when detected early.
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and the American Cancer Society recommend Pap tests be done every three years in women between the ages of 21 and 29. In women ages 30 to 65, both organizations recommend a Pap test be performed in conjunction with HPV (human papilloma virus) testing every five years.
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists calls for more frequent testing. They recommend Pap tests be done every two years from ages 21 to 29 and every three years, with HPV testing, between ages 30 to 65.
Talk with your physician or health care professional about their recommendations for Pap tests to determine what is best for you.
SKIN CANCER
Most melanomas of the skin are visible to the naked eye. Monthly self-examinations of your skin is the best way to become familiar with moles, freckles and skin blemishes so you can recognize any changes in them.
Skin cancer can develop anywhere on your body, so remember to examine all areas from head-to-toe. Ask a spouse or family member to help with hard-to-see areas like your back or scalp, and report any changes in color, size or shape to your doctor.
Be an advocate for your health and take the time to schedule these important screenings. The earlier cancer is diagnosed, the easier it is to treat and the better chance for a cure.
Scot Ackerman is a board-certified radiation oncologist, medical director of First Coast Oncology, has served on the local, state and national board for the American Cancer Society and is the past president of the ACS Florida Division. He is a member of the Duval County Medical Society.
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